Writing compelling characters requires more than just external struggles; inner conflict plays a crucial role in making protagonists feel real.
Readers connect with characters who experience doubts, contradictions, and moral dilemmas. Inner conflict drives character growth, deepens themes, and makes a story more engaging.
What Is Inner Conflict?
Inner conflict occurs when a character experiences opposing emotions, desires, or beliefs. Unlike external conflict, which arises from outside forces, inner conflict is a personal struggle that influences decision-making and behaviour.
Examples of inner conflict include:
A hero torn between duty and personal happiness.
A character struggling with guilt over past actions.
A protagonist facing the temptation to betray their principles.
By integrating inner conflict, you allow readers to see characters as multidimensional beings rather than plot devices.
Why Inner Conflict Matters
Creates Relatable Characters – Readers connect with internal struggles because they mirror real-life emotions.
Enhances Tension – A character’s self-doubt or moral dilemma can create suspense and unpredictability.
Strengthens Character Arcs – Overcoming internal struggles leads to personal growth and meaningful resolutions.
Deepens Themes – Inner conflict allows for exploration of moral and philosophical questions within a story.
Types of Inner Conflict
1. Moral Dilemmas
A character must choose between two options that challenge their ethics or values. For example, a soldier might need to choose between following orders or saving civilians.
2. Emotional Confusion
Conflicted feelings can make a character’s journey more complex. A protagonist might love and resent someone at the same time, leading to unpredictable choices.
3. Fear vs. Ambition
Many protagonists battle between their dreams and their fears. The fear of failure might hold them back from pursuing something they deeply desire.
4. Loyalty vs. Self-Interest
A character might struggle between staying loyal to a friend, family, or cause and doing what benefits them personally.
Techniques for Writing Inner Conflict
1. Use Internal Monologue
Give readers insight into your character’s mind by including thoughts that reveal doubts, rationalisations, or suppressed emotions.
2. Show Through Actions
Rather than explicitly stating inner conflict, show it through behaviours—hesitation, avoidance, nervous habits, or impulsive decisions.
3. Contrast Dialogue and Actions
A character might say one thing but do another, indicating internal struggles. For example, a character claiming they are fine might exhibit signs of distress.
4. Create Tough Choices
Place your character in situations where they must make difficult decisions. Ensure neither choice is easy or entirely right.
5. Use Symbolism and Setting
Sometimes, a character’s surroundings can reflect their inner turmoil. A storm outside might mirror an emotional storm within.
Examples of Inner Conflict in Literature
Hamlet (Shakespeare) – Hamlet’s internal struggle revolves around avenging his father’s murder while battling doubt and inaction.
The Great Gatsby (F. Scott Fitzgerald) – Gatsby’s conflict between his idealised love for Daisy and the reality of who she is drives the novel’s tension.
Jane Eyre (Charlotte Brontë) – Jane must choose between following her heart and adhering to her moral principles.
Final Thoughts
Inner conflict adds layers to your protagonist, making them more complex and emotionally engaging. By exploring their doubts, struggles, and contradictions, you create a richer narrative that resonates with readers.
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